[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Woofers: Por lo general tienen entre 6 ½ y 15 pulgadas están diseñados para reproducir frecuencias entre 20 y 500 Hz.
Medios: Los parlantes medios típicamente tienen entre 2.5 y 6 ½ pulgadas de diámetro y reproducen frecuencias entre 200Hz y 4KHz.
Parlantes de bobina móvil: La señal eléctrica de entrada actúa sobre la bobina móvil que crea un campo magnético que varía de sentido de acuerdo con dicha señal. Este flujo magnético interactúa con un segundo flujo magnético continuo generado normalmente por un imán permanente que forma parte del cuerpo del altavoz, produciéndose una atracción o repulsión magnética que desplaza la bobina móvil, y con ello el diafragma adosado a ella. Al vibrar el diafragma mueve el aire que tiene situado frente a él, generando así variaciones de presión en el mismo, o lo que es lo mismo, ondas sonoras.
Parlantes de condensador: Estos altavoces tienen una estructura de condensador, con una placa fija y otra móvil (el diafragma), entre las que se almacena la energía eléctrica suministrada por una fuente de tensión continua. Cuando se incrementa la energía almacenada entre las placas, se produce una fuerza de atracción o repulsión eléctrica entre ellas, dando lugar a que la placa móvil se mueva, creando una presión útil.
Tweeters: los tweeters están diseñados para reproducir frecuencias entre 2KHz y pueden llegar por encima de los 20KHz. Miden entre ½ y 1 pulgada.
Parlantes piezoeléctrico: En estos altavoces el motor es un material piezoeléctrico (poliéster o cerámica), que al recibir una diferencia de tensión entre sus superficies metalizadas experimenta alargamientos y compresiones. Si se une a una de sus caras un cono abocinado, éste sufrirá desplazamientos capaces de producir una presión radiada en alta frecuencia.
Parlante de cinta: El altavoz de cinta tiene un funcionamiento similar al altavoz dinámico, pero con diferencias notables. La más obvia, en lugar de bobina, el núcleo es una cinta corrugada.
Pantalla infinita: Es un sistema de colocación para altavoces dinámicos, que consiste en integrar el altavoz en una gran superficie plana (por ejemplo, una pared) con un agujero circular en el centro (donde va alojado el cono del altavoz).
Parlante Bass réflex: Es un sistema de construcción de altavoces para mejorar la respuesta en bajas frecuencias. En una de las paredes de la caja se abre una puerta (orificio en forma de tubo) y todos los parámetros que afectan al volumen interno de la caja están previstos para que el aire en el interior del tubo resuenen en una baja frecuencia determinada.
Radiador auxiliar de graves: Como el Bass-réflex, su finalidad es proporcionar un refuerzo de graves. Se trata de un sistema similar al Bass-réflex pero en lugar de un simple orificio en forma de tubo convencional, este tubo se pliega en forma de laberinto.
Parlante de carga con bocina: La bocina es un cono alimentado por un motor que permite aumentar la señal eléctrica de entrada hasta en 10 dB a la salida, con lo que son muy empleadas cuando se requiere gran volumen sonoro.
Tipos de cajas acústicas
Caja Sellada: De todas las cajas, este es el más básico. Es una caja aislada rellena de material absorbente. Se trata, del envoltorio más simple de estudiar y de realizar, aunque no por ello es menos bueno. Físicamente, el cajón se limita a una cavidad perfectamente hermética, forrada de materiales absorbentes para suprimir la onda emitida detrás de la membrana. El principal y único defecto de este tipo de carga es que el rendimiento es generalmente inferior al obtenido con otros tipos de envoltorio. Para escuchas «normales”, esta restricción queda muy relativizada, ya que la potencia de los «amplificadores» actuales basta, generalmente, para paliar esta falta de eficacia. Por otra parte, la caída en pendiente suave de la banda de paso hacia el extremo grave queda con frecuencia compensada por la acústica del vehículo, que, como por arte de magia, tiene tendencia a realinear todo esto. Otra ventaja: el cajón cerrado es generalmente mucho menos compacto que los otros.
Es un volumen de aire cerrado, por lo tanto la Fb será siempre mayor que Fs. conviene utilizar altavoces con Fs baja.[/vc_column_text][vc_images_carousel images=»8978,8981″ img_size=»full» slides_per_view=»2″ hide_pagination_control=»yes» hide_prev_next_buttons=»yes»][vc_column_text]Caja Bass-Réflex: Las cosas serias empiezan, esta vez, con un envoltorio netamente más complejo de manejar. El cajón ya no está cerrado, sino abierto al exterior por un émbolo de aire. Objetivo: se trata de no contentarse con absorber la energía producida detrás de la membrana e intentar recuperar una parte de ella, transmitida por el émbolo, de manera que se aumenta espectacularmente el rendimiento en el extremo grave. De hecho, se crea un resonador. Al contrario que con el cajón cerrado, es prácticamente imposible hacerlo bien sin pasar por el programa simulador. La talla del cajón y las dimensiones del émbolo interactúan simultáneamente, de modo que la fórmula matemática es más compleja de aplicar. Pero en buenas manos un cajón Bass-Réflex puede reproducir sonidos atronadores, mucho más elevados que el cajón cerrado. Mejor sostenimiento de potencia, rendimiento superior y extensión marcada de la banda de paso son la representación de una dinámica y una amplitud mucho más elevadas. La realización del envoltorio, aunque sea complicada de calcular, no genera, normalmente, más problemas que el cajón cerrado, puesto que no hay más que hacer un agujero suplementario. Contrariamente, el volumen es a menudo muy consecuente y los extremos de regulación del conjunto mucho más problemáticos: cada vez que el volumen del cajón se modifica, hay que recalcular la talla del émbolo. En realidad se trata de un cajón reservado a los iniciados ávidos de sensaciones fuertes.[/vc_column_text][vc_images_carousel images=»8979″ img_size=»full» hide_pagination_control=»yes» hide_prev_next_buttons=»yes»][vc_column_text]Caja Simétrica: Esta vez, el altavoz está encerrado en el envoltorio, fijado sobre un cierre intermedio, delimitando dos volúmenes distintos: uno cerrado y el otro conectado a un émbolo. Ya no tenemos un sólo parámetro (el volumen del cajón cerrado), ni dos (el volumen y el émbolo para el Bass-Réflex), sino tres y indisociables entre sí; tanto que esta vez el envoltorio resulta mucho más delicado de construir. Pero a pesar de ello, esta fórmula tiene sus seguidores, En efecto, jugando con las proporciones de la cavidad delantera y de la trasera, es posible favorecer más un criterio que otro, ya sea mejorando la respuesta de las frecuencias muy bajas en detrimento del rendimiento, o al contrario, privilegiando el rendimiento, pero sobre un ancho de banda restringido (esta configuración se podría requerir para un concurso de SPL). La calidad técnica y la musicalidad están fuertemente sometidas por la definición del conjunto: lo mejor puede rodear a lo peor. Particularidad esencial de este tipo de carga, el subwoofer no asoma al exterior y los graves son transmitidos únicamente por el émbolo. Sólo los graves exteriores ya que este envoltorio tiene una tendencia natural a filtrar las frecuencias inferiores a 80 o 120 Hz (es muy variable, en realidad), un parámetro más a tener en cuenta. Se obtiene así una curva de respuesta en campana, en la cual la caja simétrica restituye sólo una porción de banda.[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Mas Informes:
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