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MÍNIMO COMÚN ARQUITECTURA
ARQ. VERONICA VILLATE + ARQ. SOLANITO BENÍTEZ + ARQ. SERGEI JERMOLIEFF
ASUNCIÓN – PARAGUAY
[/vc_column_text][vc_column_text]Asunción, capital de la República del Paraguay que cuenta con 525.000 habitantes en su territorio y abarca un área metropolitana de 2.130.000 de los aproximados 7.000.000 de habitantes de todo el país, centralizando básicamente todos los servicios necesarios para el desarrollo de una vida medianamente buena; salud, educación, instituciones gubernamentales, cultura, etc.
Por este motivo se produce una migración masiva de ciudadanos desde el interior del país que parten de diferentes zonas en busca de mejores oportunidades de vida, lo que genera una expansión de dicha área metropolitana en consecuencia de los altos costos que se generan dentro de la capital. Y son éstos mismos costos los que producen también un éxodo de los residentes de Asunción quienes se ven obligados a ubicar sus hogares en ciudades periféricas que forman la denominada Gran Asunción.
Éste fenómeno también puede traducirse en números por lo siguiente; el salario mínimo vigente es de 2.041.123 Gs, el equivalente a 365 dólares americanos y el costo promedio de un departamento pequeño, 1 habitación, sala, comedor, cocina es de 450$.
En Paraguay se estima que el 30% de la población se encuentra en la línea de pobreza con ingresos que van por debajo de los 10$ por día, mientras que el 50% se encuentra en la clase media con un promedio de 25$ por día, alrededor de los 750$ mensuales y solo el 20% percibe un salario mayor a los 50$ por día.
Como consecuencia de todo esto se puede afirmar que el alquiler dentro de la capital no es muy viable salvo excepciones y desarrolladores inmobiliarios se centran en altos objetivos al ofrecer departamentos de 250.000$ en promedio para la venta.
De ésta manera contextualizamos uno de los tantos problemas de la vivienda que se dan en Asunción que conllevan a otros muchos problemas.[/vc_column_text][vc_images_carousel images=»8750,8749,8748,8747″ img_size=»full» autoplay=»yes» wrap=»yes»][vc_column_text]“Jota” es uno de los tantos jóvenes que se traslada hasta Asunción para realizar sus estudios desde el interior, en este caso desde la ciudad de Encarnación, acogido por familiares que viven en la capital pero sin un lugar personal donde realizarse por lo que surge la necesidad de habitar un espacio propio. Se da entonces ésta opción de vivienda aprovechando el terreno con el que contaba su familia en la ciudad por sobre la incomodidad de pagar un alquiler.
El encargo llega como un departamento mínimo con limitado presupuesto en donde el cliente pueda vivir con comodidades básicas. El terreno de 10,50 x 22 metros ubicado en esquina era el sitio a intervenir.
36 metros cuadrados eran los números según un cálculo rápido estimado de metro cuadrado por construcción, los mismos que un departamento pequeño en la ciudad.
Lo planteado fue una vivienda modular de 63 m2 con el área social (estar/comedor) y servicios (cocina, lavadero y baño) agrupados en planta baja, y una habitación con un pequeño balcón de expansión en un segundo nivel.
La vivienda es un volumen de 7 x 6 m con un entrepiso de 3,5 x 6 m al cual se le sustraen los muros para acceso y ventilación. Éstas medidas permitirían replicar la misma en 3 módulos adicionales para un futuro.[/vc_column_text][vc_images_carousel images=»8751,8752,8753,8754″ img_size=»full» autoplay=»yes» wrap=»yes»][vc_column_text]La casa se eleva desde sus cimientos con unos pilares de hormigón en los cuales se apoya una viga en “L” que nos permite salvar la luz de 7 metros del acceso principal, levantar el cerramiento de mampostería y a su vez, sostener el entrepiso prefabricado. El resto de los cerramientos se presentan de forma más tradicional; con aparejo de ladrillo común visto de 15cm que en ocasiones actúa de estructura y en otras de tabique de cerramiento.
Una de las ventajas que representa el sistema tradicional es que al ser un concepto ya conocido permite aplicarse con tiempos y costos fijos. Pero la desventaja que tuvo que enfrentar la construcción al adoptar este sistema se refería justamente a éstos tiempos y costos que no debían ser fijos sino que debían ser reducidos.
Con la reflexión del acopio de ladrillos como método de aparejo más efectivo en cuanto a tiempo, la fachada se levanta con esa traba de ladrillos partidos por la mitad para conseguir un muro de 15cm y donde la unión entre los mismos estaba dada por una capa de mezcla horizontal de manera a reducir también el costo del cemento.
Por su parte, para evitar la pérdida de aire, los encuentros verticales se cierran con silicona de manera a cubrir las imperfecciones de los ladrillos que presentaban pequeñas aberturas al ubicarlos próximos uno de otro. Todo esto protegido con un techo de chapa con aislación y cielo raso.
La combinación de vidrios y chapas en los cerramientos verticales de planta baja permite abrirnos al patio en su totalidad para generar una expansión completa de la casa y disfrutar la sombra de los árboles de mango que cubren el terreno.
Es así como casa Jota cuenta con 63 metros cuadrados en forma de loft donde el propietario puede desarrollar su vida social, universitaria y laboral con la posibilidad de réplica donde podría recibir a más universitarios con las mismas comodidades dentro de Asunción.[/vc_column_text][vc_images_carousel images=»8755,8756,8757,8758,8759,8760,8761,8762″ img_size=»full» autoplay=»yes» wrap=»yes»][/vc_column][/vc_row]
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